/** * @file arm_main.cpp * @brief 机械臂主任务 - C++版本 */ #include "cmsis_os2.h" #include "task/user_task.h" #include "module/arm_oop.hpp" #include "module/motor_base.hpp" #include "module/joint.hpp" #include "bsp/can.h" #include "device/motor_lz.h" #include "device/motor_dm.h" using namespace arm; // ============================================================================ // 电机和关节配置 // ============================================================================ // LZ电机参数(关节1-3) static MOTOR_LZ_Param_t lz_params[3] = { { .can = BSP_CAN_1, .motor_id = 127, .host_id = 0xff, .module = MOTOR_LZ_RSO3, .reverse = true, .mode=MOTOR_LZ_MODE_MOTION}, { .can = BSP_CAN_1, .motor_id = 126, .host_id = 0xff, .module = MOTOR_LZ_RSO3, .reverse = true, .mode=MOTOR_LZ_MODE_MOTION}, { .can = BSP_CAN_1, .motor_id = 125, .host_id = 0xff, .module = MOTOR_LZ_RSO3, .reverse = false, .mode=MOTOR_LZ_MODE_MOTION}, }; // DM电机参数(关节4-6) static MOTOR_DM_Param_t dm_params[3] = { {.can = BSP_CAN_1, .master_id = 0x14, .can_id = 0x04, .module = MOTOR_DM_J4310, .reverse = false,}, {.can = BSP_CAN_1, .master_id = 0x15, .can_id = 0x05, .module = MOTOR_DM_J4310, .reverse = false,}, {.can = BSP_CAN_1, .master_id = 0x16, .can_id = 0x06, .module = MOTOR_DM_J4310, .reverse = false,}, }; static Arm6dof_DHParams_t dh_params[6] = { // J1: origin(0, 0, 0.024) rpy(0,0,0) {.theta=0.0f, .d=0.024f, .a=0.000f, .alpha=0.0f, .theta_offset=0.0f, .qmin=-15.7f, .qmax=15.7f, .m=2.2629f, .rc={-0.00718190f, 0.00031034f, 0.06159800f}}, // J2: origin(-0.001395, 0, 0.1015) rpy(1.5708, 0, -1.5708) {.theta=0.0f, .d=0.1015f, .a=-0.00139f, .alpha=M_PI_2, .theta_offset=-M_PI_2, .qmin=-1.57f, .qmax=1.57f, .m=0.97482f, .rc={ 0.00316320f, -0.00227070f, -0.22947000f}}, // J3: origin(0.3265, 0, -0.0071975) rpy(0, 0, 0) {.theta=0.0f, .d=-0.00719f, .a=0.3265f, .alpha=0.0f, .theta_offset=0.0f, .qmin=-1.0f, .qmax=3.0f, .m=0.72964f, .rc={ 0.08696300f, 0.00167340f, -0.01780600f}}, // J4: origin(0.0905, 0.052775, 0.0058025) rpy(1.5708, 0, 3.1416) {.theta=0.0f, .d=0.05278f, .a=0.0905f, .alpha=M_PI_2, .theta_offset=M_PI, .qmin=0.0f, .qmax=6.3f, .m=0.54148f, .rc={-0.00005530f, 0.10972717f, -0.00230270f}}, // J5: origin(0.001627, 0, 0.18467) rpy(1.5708, 0, 0) {.theta=0.0f, .d=0.18467f, .a=0.0016f, .alpha=M_PI_2, .theta_offset=0.0f, .qmin=-1.9f, .qmax=1.9f, .m=0.21817f, .rc={ 0.05654200f, 0.00102680f, -0.00131060f}}, // J6: origin(0.10487, 0.0013347, 0) rpy(1.5708, 0, 1.5708) {.theta=0.0f, .d=0.00133f, .a=0.10487f, .alpha=M_PI_2, .theta_offset=M_PI_2, .qmin=0.0f, .qmax=6.3f, .m=0.56255f, .rc={ 0.00001277f, 0.10159000f, -0.00000780f}}, }; static JointControlParams joint_params[6] = { {.qmin=-15.7f, .qmax=15.7f, .kp=10.0f, .kd=0.0f}, {.qmin=-1.57f, .qmax=1.57f, .kp=10.0f, .kd=0.0f}, {.qmin=-1.0f, .qmax=3.0f, .kp=20.0f, .kd=0.0f}, {.qmin=0.0f, .qmax=6.3f, .kp=3.0f, .kd=0.0f}, {.qmin=-1.9f, .qmax=1.9f, .kp=5.0f, .kd=0.0f}, {.qmin=0.0f, .qmax=6.3f, .kp=5.0f, .kd=0.0f}, }; static float q_offset[6] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // 全局对象指针 IMotor* motors[6] = {nullptr}; // 多态接口 MotorLZ* motors_lz[3] = {nullptr}; // 用于调试查看 MotorDM* motors_dm[3] = {nullptr}; // 用于调试查看 Joint* joints[6] = {nullptr}; RoboticArm* robot_arm = nullptr; Arm_CMD_t arm_cmd; // 当前机械臂控制命令(含 target_pose / set_target_as_current) // ============================================================================ // 测试用调试变量(可在调试器Watch窗口直接观察和修改) // ============================================================================ // 阶段控制:在调试器中修改此值切换测试阶段 // 0 = 仅计算重力补偿力矩,全部电机松弛,观察 gravity_torques_dbg 是否合理 // 1 = 仅关节6(Roll轴)输出纯力矩,其余松弛(Roll轴重力补偿接近0,最安全) // 2 = 全部六轴输出(完整重力补偿,GRAVITY_COMP模式) // 3 = 笛卡尔空间控制(旧版满秩库代数雅可比算法) // 4 = 2.5D 解析降维控制(专为比赛设计的无奇异点稳定版,推荐!) uint8_t test_stage = 1; Arm6dof_JointAngles_t current_angles; // 调试观察:当前各关节角度 (rad) // 重力补偿力矩观察数组(对应关节1~6,单位 N·m) float gravity_torques_dbg[6] = {0.0f}; // 末端位姿观察(mm换算,便于观察,不参与计算) struct { float x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw; } end_pose_mm_dbg = {0}; // FK→IK验证:IK解算得到的关节角度 Arm6dof_JointAngles_t ik_from_fk_result; // IK解算结果 int setzero=0; // 重力补偿缩放系数(可在调试器中实时修改,用于测试补偿强度) float gravity_comp_scale = 1.0f; // 轨迹进度观察 [0.0~1.0],1.0=已到达目标;调试器中可观察运动是否平滑完成 float traj_progress_dbg = 0.0f; // 轨迹速度设置:可在调试器中修改这两个值,重启case4生效 float traj_lin_vel = 0.15f; // 末端线速度 (m/s),默认 150mm/s float traj_ang_vel = 1.0f; // 末端角速度 (rad/s),默认 ~57°/s uint8_t control_frame = 1; // 选择在何种坐标系下控制 1= 世界系,2=工具系,3=航向系 // ============================================================================ // IK测试调试变量 // ============================================================================ // ik_test_enable:设置为1时每帧调用一次IK测试;设置为0停止 // - 输入:target_pose(目标位姿)+ current_angles(当前角度作为初始猜测) // - 结果:ik_test_result(IK解算出的关节角度),ik_test_ret(返回码:0=成功 -1=失败) int ik_test_enable = 0; Arm6dof_JointAngles_t ik_test_result = {0}; // IK解算结果(rad),调试器Watch观察 int ik_test_ret = 0; // IK返回码:0=成功,-1=无解或未初始化 // cmd task 中的机械臂命令指针(cmd.cpp 中定义),通过 extern 访问以便写回初始位姿 extern Arm_CMD_t *cmd_for_arm; /** * @brief 将当前世界系末端位姿转换到指定控制坐标系下的 target_pose, * 使 MoveCartesian*(result) 的目标恰好等于当前 cur_world(无初始跳变) * @param frame 1=世界系 2=工具系 3=航向系 * @param cur 当前末端位姿(世界系,由 FK 计算得到) */ static Arm6dof_Pose_t SyncTargetToFrame(uint8_t frame, const Arm6dof_Pose_t& cur) { Arm6dof_Pose_t target; switch (frame) { case 2: { // 工具系:p_tool = R_cur^T * p_world,使 R_cur*p_tool = p_world // 姿态置零:R_tool = I,使 R_world = R_cur * I = R_cur(保持当前姿态) float rpy[3] = {cur.yaw, cur.pitch, cur.roll}; Matrixf<3,3> RT = robotics::rpy2r(Matrixf<3,1>(rpy)).trans(); float p[3] = {cur.x, cur.y, cur.z}; Matrixf<3,1> pt = RT * Matrixf<3,1>(p); target.x = pt[0][0]; target.y = pt[1][0]; target.z = pt[2][0]; target.yaw = 0.0f; target.pitch = 0.0f; target.roll = 0.0f; break; } case 3: { // 航向系:p_heading = Rz(-yaw)*[x,y],z 直接赋值 // 姿态:R_heading = Rz(-yaw)*R_cur,使 Rz(yaw)*R_heading = R_cur float cy = cosf(cur.yaw), sy = sinf(cur.yaw); target.x = cy * cur.x + sy * cur.y; target.y = -sy * cur.x + cy * cur.y; target.z = cur.z; float rpy_neg[3] = {-cur.yaw, 0.0f, 0.0f}; float rpy_c[3] = { cur.yaw, cur.pitch, cur.roll}; Matrixf<3,3> Rn = robotics::rpy2r(Matrixf<3,1>(rpy_neg)) * robotics::rpy2r(Matrixf<3,1>(rpy_c)); Matrixf<3,1> rn = robotics::r2rpy(Rn); target.yaw = rn[0][0]; target.pitch = rn[1][0]; target.roll = rn[2][0]; break; } default: // 世界系:直接复制 target = cur; break; } return target; } static void SyncCommandTargetFromCurrent() { Arm6dof_Pose_t sync = SyncTargetToFrame(control_frame, robot_arm->GetEndPose()); arm_cmd.target_pose = sync; if (cmd_for_arm) { cmd_for_arm->target_pose = sync; } } static void HandleSetZeroRequest() { if (!setzero) { return; } if (setzero <= 3) { MOTOR_LZ_SetZero(&lz_params[setzero - 1]); } else if (setzero > 3 && setzero < 7) { MOTOR_DM_SetZero(&dm_params[setzero - 4]); } else if (setzero == 7) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { MOTOR_LZ_SetZero(&lz_params[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { MOTOR_DM_SetZero(&dm_params[i]); } } setzero = 0; } static void RelaxAllMotors() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { motors[i]->Relax(); } } static void MoveBySelectedFrame(const Arm6dof_Pose_t& target) { switch (control_frame) { case 2: robot_arm->MoveCartesianTool(target); break; case 3: robot_arm->MoveCartesianHeading(target); break; default: robot_arm->MoveCartesian(target); break; } } static void HandleCartesianModeError() { if (robot_arm->GetState() == MotionState::ERROR) { robot_arm->ResetError(); SyncCommandTargetFromCurrent(); } } static void RunCartesianControl(ControlMode mode) { robot_arm->SetLinVelLimit(traj_lin_vel); robot_arm->SetAngVelLimit(traj_ang_vel); robot_arm->SetMode(mode); MoveBySelectedFrame(arm_cmd.target_pose); robot_arm->Control(); HandleCartesianModeError(); ik_from_fk_result = robot_arm->GetIkAngles(); traj_progress_dbg = robot_arm->GetTrajProgress(); } extern "C" { void Task_arm_main(void* argument) { /* 计算任务运行到指定频率需要等待的tick数 */ const uint32_t delay_tick = osKernelGetTickFreq() / ARM_MAIN_FREQ; osDelay(ARM_MAIN_INIT_DELAY); /* 延时一段时间再开启任务 */ uint32_t tick = osKernelGetTickCount(); /* 控制任务运行频率的计时 */ BSP_CAN_Init(); MOTOR_LZ_Init(); // 注册LZ电机ID解析器 // 初始化运动学模型 Arm6dof_Init(dh_params); // 创建电机对象(同时保存到基类和派生类指针) motors_lz[0] = new MotorLZ(lz_params[0]); motors_lz[1] = new MotorLZ(lz_params[1]); motors_lz[2] = new MotorLZ(lz_params[2]); motors_dm[0] = new MotorDM(dm_params[0]); motors_dm[1] = new MotorDM(dm_params[1]); motors_dm[2] = new MotorDM(dm_params[2]); // 填充基类指针数组(用于多态管理) motors[0] = motors_lz[0]; motors[1] = motors_lz[1]; motors[2] = motors_lz[2]; motors[3] = motors_dm[0]; motors[4] = motors_dm[1]; motors[5] = motors_dm[2]; for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { joints[i] = new Joint(i, motors[i], joint_params[i], q_offset[i], ARM_MAIN_FREQ); } // 关节3与关节2存在机械耦合:J3电机读数包含J2的运动,需减去J2角度才是真实J3角度 joints[2]->SetCoupledJoint(joints[1]); robot_arm = new RoboticArm(); for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { robot_arm->AddJoint(i, joints[i]); } robot_arm->Init(); // 使能重力补偿 robot_arm->EnableGravityCompensation(true); robot_arm->SetGravityCompScale(gravity_comp_scale); // 补偿系数,可微调 // 设置控制模式(可选以下模式之一): // GRAVITY_COMP: 位置保持 + 重力补偿前馈(位控+补偿) // TEACH: 纯重力补偿力矩输出,零刚度(示教拖动) // JOINT_POSITION: 关节位置控制 + 重力补偿前馈 robot_arm->SetMode(ControlMode::GRAVITY_COMP); // 读取当前末端位姿,转换到 control_frame 后同步到 cmd,防止上电时大范围跳变 osDelay(100); robot_arm->Update(); { SyncCommandTargetFromCurrent(); } while (1) { tick += delay_tick; /* 计算下一个唤醒时刻 */ /*---------------------------零点校准---------------------------*/ HandleSetZeroRequest(); /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/ // 更新机械臂状态(读取关节角度、FK、重力补偿计算) robot_arm->Update(); osMessageQueueGet(task_runtime.msgq.arm.cmd, &arm_cmd, NULL, 0); // 使能状态变化沿处理:仅在变化时下发使能,减少冗余调用 static bool last_enable = false; if (arm_cmd.enable != last_enable) { robot_arm->Enable(arm_cmd.enable); } // 使能上升沿自动同步:避免使能时 target_pose 与当前实际位姿不一致导致初始跳变 if (arm_cmd.enable && !last_enable) { SyncCommandTargetFromCurrent(); } last_enable = arm_cmd.enable; // set_target_as_current:将 target_pose 同步到当前末端位姿(转换到当前 control_frame) if (arm_cmd.set_target_as_current) { SyncCommandTargetFromCurrent(); } // 每帧同步调试观察变量 for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) { current_angles.q[i] = joints[i]->GetCurrentAngle(); gravity_torques_dbg[i] = robot_arm->GetGravityTorque(i); } // 末端位姿换算为mm,便于调试器观察(不参与任何计算) const Arm6dof_Pose_t& ep = robot_arm->GetEndPose(); end_pose_mm_dbg = { ep.x * 1000.0f, ep.y * 1000.0f, ep.z * 1000.0f, ep.roll, ep.pitch, ep.yaw }; switch (test_stage) { case 0: //检测电机正电流旋转方向与urdf规定是否一致 static float rotationDirectionCheck[6] = {0.0f}; joints[0]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[0]); joints[1]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[1]); joints[2]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[2]); joints[3]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[3]); joints[4]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[4]); joints[5]->TorqueControl(rotationDirectionCheck[5]); break; case 1: // 阶段1:仅计算,不输出。观察 gravity_torques_dbg[0~5] 是否量级合理 RelaxAllMotors(); break; case 2: // 阶段1:测试单个关节力矩输出(用于验证力矩计算) // 修改下面的索引来测试不同关节:j2=1, j3=2, j5=4 motors[0]->Relax(); motors[1]->Relax(); motors[2]->Relax(); motors[3]->Relax(); motors[4]->Relax(); motors[5]->Relax(); // joints[1]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[1]); // j2大臂 // joints[2]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[2]); // j3小臂 // joints[4]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[4]); // j5腕部 // joints[0]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[0]); // joints[3]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[3]); // joints[5]->TorqueControl(gravity_torques_dbg[5]); break; case 3: default: // 阶段4:全部六轴 GRAVITY_COMP 模式(位置保持 + 重力补偿前馈) robot_arm->SetMode(ControlMode::GRAVITY_COMP); robot_arm->Control(); break; case 4: // 笛卡尔空间轨迹规划控制:基于数值逆解(雅可比) RunCartesianControl(ControlMode::CARTESIAN_POSITION); break; case 5: { // ================================================================================= // ★ 2.5D 解析降维控制算法 ★ // 已经集成到底层 arm_oop 的 CARTESIAN_ANALYTICAL 模式中,完全与原轨迹规划流程接轨 // ================================================================================= RunCartesianControl(ControlMode::CARTESIAN_ANALYTICAL); // 启用降维解析数学模式 break; } } // IK测试:以当前角度为初始猜测,对 target_pose 求逆运动学 // 在调试器中将 ik_test_enable 置1启用,观察 ik_test_result 和 ik_test_ret if (ik_test_enable) { ik_test_ret = Arm6dof_InverseKinematics(&arm_cmd.target_pose, ¤t_angles, &ik_test_result, 0.001f, 50); ik_test_ret++; } osDelayUntil(tick); /* 运行结束,等待下一次唤醒 */ } } } // extern "C"